فصلنامه تخصصی فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات

مروری جامع بر کاربردها و چالش‌های دوقلوهای دیجیتال در پزشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده

تهران میدان رسالت خیابان فرجام دانشگاه علم و صنعت دانشکده فناوری های نوین گروه نانوتکنولوژی

10.22034/apj.2026.2077879.1059
چکیده
همزمان با رشد سریع کلان‌داده‌ها و پیشرفت‌های علم داده و هوش مصنوعی، پتانسیل توسعه دوقلوی دیجیتال به‌طور قابل توجهی تسریع یافته است که در آن یک کپی مجازی که در حال به‌روزرسانی بلادرنگ از موجودیت فیزیکی است تحلیل، شبیه‌سازی و پیش‌بینی اختلالات عملکرد مربوط به یک شی یا فرآیند دنیای واقعی را امکان‌پذیر می‌کند. اخیرا کاربردهای دوقلوهای دیجیتال هم در مجامع علمی و هم در صنایع مختلف دولتی و نظامی گسترش چشمگیری داشته است و بخش بهداشت و درمان نیز مستثنی نبوده است. مفهوم دوقلوی دیجیتال برای سلامت نویدبخش تحولی در سیستم‌های درمان از جمله مدیریت و ارائه خدمات، درمان و پیشگیری از بیماری، حفظ سلامت و در نهایت بهبود زندگی انسان است. با توانایی جمع‌آوری و تحلیل انبوهی از داده‌ها از منابع مختلف، دوقلوهای دیجیتال می‌توانند روند درمانی شخصی‌سازی‌شده‌ را بر اساس ویژگی‌های فردی، سابقه پزشکی و داده‌های فیزیولوژیکی بیمار ارائه دهند. تحلیل‌های پیش‌بینی‌کننده و مداخلات پیشگیرانه و امکان تشخیص زودهنگام مخاطرات و بیماری‌ها به کمک الگوریتم‌های یادگیری ماشین امکان‌پذیر می‌شود. دوقلوهای دیجیتال می‌توانند با تحلیل فرآیندهای درمان و تخصیص منابع، عملیات بالینی را بهینه کنند و منجر به رویه‌های درمان ساده‌تر و سریع‌تر شوند. این مقاله مروری بر کاربردهای فعلی و بالقوه دوقلوهای دیجیتال در پزشکی ارائه می‌دهد، الزامات پیاده‌سازی و مؤلفه‌های اصلی و مدل‌های موجود معماری دوقلوی دیجیتال در پزشکی را معرفی می‌کند و چشم‌انداز فعلی فرصت‌های باز تحقیقاتی را بررسی می‌کند. این مقاله نشان می-دهد که چگونه تلفیق فناوری‌ها و ابزارهای توانمندساز مختلف مانند هوش مصنوعی، مدل‌های زبانی بزرگ و مدل‌سازی مکانیکی راه را برای رفع محدودیت و پذیرش بالینی و پیاده سازی دوقلوهای دیجیتال هموار می‌کنند. این مقاله همچنین به دانشمندان داده، پزشکان و سیاست‌گذاران در ایجاد دوقلوهای دیجیتال پزشکی در آینده و آوردن این پارادایم نوظهور از تئوری به عمل کمک خواهد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

A scoping review of digital twins’ applications and challenges in medicine

نویسنده English

Mohammad Hossein Roozbahani
department of advanced technology, faculty of nanotechnology, IUST
چکیده English

The rapid growth of big data, coupled with advancements in data science and artificial intelligence, has significantly accelerated the potential for developing digital twins. A digital twin is a continuously updated virtual copy that enables the analysis, simulation, and prediction of a real-world object or process. Recently, applications of digital twins have seen substantial expansion across both academic communities and diverse governmental and military industries, and the healthcare sector is no exception. The concept of the digital twin for health promises a transformation in medical systems, encompassing service management and delivery, disease treatment and prevention, health maintenance, and ultimately, the enhancement of human life. By harnessing the ability to aggregate and analyze vast datasets from multiple sources, digital twins can facilitate personalized treatment pathways tailored to individual patient characteristics, medical history, and physiological data. This enables predictive analytics, preventative interventions, and the early identification of health risks and diseases through machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, digital twins can optimize clinical operations by analyzing treatment processes and resource allocation, leading to simplified and expedited treatment protocols. This review outlines the current applications of digital twins within the healthcare sector, delineates their core components in medicine, and examines the present landscape of open research opportunities. We demonstrate how the integration of diverse enabling technologies and tools—such as artificial intelligence, large language models, and mechanistic modeling—paves the way for overcoming limitations and fostering broader clinical adoption and implementation of digital twins. This review also aims to assist data scientists, clinicians, and policymakers in developing future medical digital twins and bridging the gap between this emerging paradigm's theoretical promise and practical realization.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Artificial intelligence
Human Digital Tween
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