Arman Process Journal (APJ)

Abstract Blockchain is a new technology whose purpose is to store and transfer any type of data in a decentralized manner. In this system, nodes are responsible for confirming and registering transactions, each of these nodes are distributed around the world and use different algorithms to perform their tasks correctly. In blockchain technology, data security has a very high value, and this technology can make our private information more secure and prevent the disclosure of this information. Blockchain security is ensured through various mechanisms, including advanced encryption techniques and mathematical models of behavior and decision making. Blockchain technology is the basic structure of most cryptosystems and what prevents the repetition or destruction of this type of digital currency and interference in the cycle of purchasing digital currency. In this article, in particular, blockchain security in the field of e-commerce is examined and cyber attacks against blockchain and challenges in this field are introduced.

Abstract In recent years, the unlimited and borderless vision has been a prominent feature of the intelligentization based on the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture in the world, and due to the ever-increasing advances in infrastructure and the improvement of security issues, the limitations in this sector have been minimized. The IoT is a term to describe the world in which objects will be able to interact with other objects by connecting to the internet or with the help of communication tools and share their information with each other or with humans, and a new class of capabilities, applications provide applications and services. A world in which all objects and disparate devices are addressable and controllable. Due to its specific operational characteristics, IoT is extremely challenging and risky in the field of realizing smart cities, and so far extensive researches have been introduced in this field. Although each of these researches have somehow succeeded in solving the existing challenges, the studies indicate the existence of some other key requirements and challenges in this field. In this research, we intend to provide a comprehensive review of the realization of smart cities based on the IoT, the challenges, requirements, and opportunities. For this purpose, first, the dimensions of the smart city and the existing challenges will be discussed in detail, and then all kinds of practical requirements will be introduced and examined to realize the target. We will also introduce some of the most important past researches and analyze and explain the problem from different perspectives. At the end of the article, suggestions for the realization of smart cities and conclusions from the investigations are presented.

Abstract Nowadays, the development of international scientific activities is one of the main concerns of universities to increase credibility, quality and branding. However, the situation of scientific-international cooperation, especially in developing countries, is not very favorable. In the present research, after a brief review of the obstacles of scientific cooperation in developing countries, a user interface has been presented in order to expand international cooperation in the context of scientific social networks. This user interface has the ability to be implemented and added to scientific social networks and also provides an integrated structure for establishing international cooperation. In this short research, the steps of the mechanism of the user interface have been shown precisely from the first stage, i.e. the registration of the cooperation request by the user of the scientific social network to the end of a scientific collaboration. In the user interface, three main concepts of cooperation agreement, support team and reliability index are defined.

Abstract Nowadays, due to the complexity of medical decisions, the use of intelligent information systems and decision support to support these decisions has increased in various operational areas. Meanwhile, the role of intelligent and decision support systems in helping doctors and the field of medical sciences and medical engineering is prominent. Equipping medical science with smart tools in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases can reduce the mistakes of doctors and the loss of life and money and create countless achievements. In this article, the applications and capabilities of these systems in medical sciences have been investigated and the most important challenges of using these systems have been discussed. Also, in this article, the applications of neural networks in the medical field have been investigated. We have tried to make the article useful both for artificial intelligence researchers and for medicine.

Abstract With advancements in electronics technology, the need for faster processing and data storage has increased. As the scaling of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technology has progressed, the industry has faced various challenges, including increased short-circuit effects, reduced gate control, exponential leakage current, and power dissipation. Field-effect transistors made from carbon nanotubes are a suitable replacement for MOSFETs. 4-to-2 compressors are among the most popular bit compression cells that are widely used in multiplication or multi-operand addition. Their most important function is to increase the performance and efficiency of multiplication compression calculations. After examining twelve different 4-to-2 compressor designs from various research papers, this article presents a novel 4-to-2 compressor architecture utilizing modified logical relationships and carbon nanotube technology. The proposed 4-to-2 compressor and other designs from the literature have been implemented using the HSPICE simulation software. The proposed design and the previous compressors have been compared in terms of power consumption, delay, transistor count, and accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate that the new compressor architecture achieves a 25% reduction in power consumption, an 18% decrease in delay, and a 12% reduction in transistor count compared to the best previous compressor.

Abstract One of the most important consequences of internationalization is the increase in competition at the international level of the economy, because in these conditions, we will always be faced with the reduction of transportation costs, the surprising growth of information technology, and the ever-increasing expansion of electronic commerce, and the minimization of geographic restrictions and the growth of competition. As a result, the efficiency of the international economy will increase. The use of electronic commerce in the field of exports of countries is a major part of the global economy and will bring great benefits. Although in order to use this new technology, it is necessary to measure the feasibility of e-commerce development in the export sector of commercial products, the present research aims to investigate the feasibility of e-commerce development in the export sector of the countries by examining the general functions. Also, the achievements and challenges of this style of globalization have been assessed and analyzed.