Arman Process Journal (APJ)

Abstract The rapid growth of big data, coupled with advancements in data science and artificial intelligence, has significantly accelerated the potential for developing digital twins. A digital twin is a continuously updated virtual copy that enables the analysis, simulation, and prediction of a real-world object or process. Recently, applications of digital twins have seen substantial expansion across both academic communities and diverse governmental and military industries, and the healthcare sector is no exception. The concept of the digital twin for health promises a transformation in medical systems, encompassing service management and delivery, disease treatment and prevention, health maintenance, and ultimately, the enhancement of human life. By harnessing the ability to aggregate and analyze vast datasets from multiple sources, digital twins can facilitate personalized treatment pathways tailored to individual patient characteristics, medical history, and physiological data. This enables predictive analytics, preventative interventions, and the early identification of health risks and diseases through machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, digital twins can optimize clinical operations by analyzing treatment processes and resource allocation, leading to simplified and expedited treatment protocols. This review outlines the current applications of digital twins within the healthcare sector, delineates their core components in medicine, and examines the present landscape of open research opportunities. We demonstrate how the integration of diverse enabling technologies and tools—such as artificial intelligence, large language models, and mechanistic modeling—paves the way for overcoming limitations and fostering broader clinical adoption and implementation of digital twins. This review also aims to assist data scientists, clinicians, and policymakers in developing future medical digital twins and bridging the gap between this emerging paradigm's theoretical promise and practical realization.

Abstract Background and Objectives: in this research, a novel method for detecting Iranian license plates and simultaneously recognizing letters and digits is introduced. Various approaches have been proposed for license plate detection, which have progressively improved over time. Traditional methods involve classical image processing techniques such as grayscale conversion, thresholding, and binary morphology. With advancements in machine learning, artificial neural network algorithms have been employed for license plate identification and recognition. Today, deep neural networks, particularly convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks, are recognized as leading methods in vehicle license plate detection. The objective of this study is to propose an efficient approach that includes locating the license plate using machine vision algorithms and segmenting the identifiers. Challenges such as variations in lighting conditions and vehicle speed have been examined in this research, and solutions to enhance detection accuracy and speed have been presented.



Methods: To improve the accuracy and robustness of the proposed model, a dataset consisting of 844 real Iranian license plate images captured under diverse lighting conditions and viewing angles was collected and expanded to 2024 images using data augmentation techniques. After fine-tuning, the model is capable of localizing license plate regions and extracting Persian characters using a CRNN-based architecture. The proposed system demonstrates a significant performance improvement over YOLOv8 and YOLOS models by reducing recognition errors in challenging scenarios such as strong illumination, shadows, high vehicle speed, and font variations

Findings: Ultimately, an accurate and efficient license plate recognition method based on the YOLOv9 architecture is proposed, achieving an overall accuracy of 98%. Quantitative evaluation results, including precision, recall, and F1-score, indicate that the proposed model is well suited for real-time applications in visual surveillance, traffic monitoring, and intelligent transportation systems.

Conclusion: The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly enhances license plate detection accuracy and can effectively support intelligent transportation systems and automated traffic management applications.

Abstract  In today's technology-oriented world, we are always faced with the processing of a huge amount of data as a major challenge in various fields of application. Therefore, we need knowledge discovery tools for such massive processing. Data mining is used as an advanced capability in data analysis and knowledge discovery. Data mining is the process of discovering patterns and regular and hidden trends in large and distributed data, using a wide set of algorithms based on mathematical and statistical sciences. In general, data mining can be considered the result of the natural evolution of information technology, which originated from the evolution of the database industry. The main reason for the emergence of data mining science has been the availability of a large amount of data and the strong need to extract useful knowledge and information from these data. Due to the importance of this issue, in this article we reviewed the important aspects of the data mining problem including goals, applications, models and related tools.

Abstract The Internet of Things is a growing infrastructure for connecting intelligent objects with the goal of increased control, automation and even data and information collection. The use of this technology in traditional businesses will have a significant impact on their automation. The applicable cases of Internet of Things in business and smartening of related processes are very wide and these applications expand every day with the addition of new smart devices and the increase of Internet of Things facilities. This issue causes digital transformation and major changes in businesses and changes their future. Activating business on the Internet of Things platform can put organizations at the forefront of new and evolving trends of optimal interaction with customers. According to the importance of the subject, the most important aspects of the digital evolution of smart businesses on the platform of the Internet of Things are examined in the rest of the article.

Abstract Nowadays, the increasing usage of technologies in the education process, along with fundamental changes in educational approaches, has provided the basis for the fully intelligent education systems. Currently, the education system is facing transnational challenges such as globalization, entering the digital information society and the expansion of distribution networks and global mass communication media. The purpose of this article is to examine the important solutions for the development of technology-based infrastructures in the education system, in order to improve the self-efficacy and effectiveness of education. For this purpose, the method of library study and review of recent articles in this field was used. The results of the research present that the integration of information and communication technology infrastructures with the education system leads to the development of smart education, increasing the availability of educational resources, increasing accuracy, eliminating human errors, accelerating information transfer, stabilizing education, creative learning and reducing costs and finally, increasing self-efficacy and training effectiveness. In this regard, in this article, some of the most important solutions for the development of technology-based infrastructures in the education system have been suggested.

Abstract Today, administrative automation systems are popular and developing global systems whose main task is to facilitate technology-oriented administrative affairs and the development of technological organizational communication. Today, office automation systems have become one of the platforms for progress and development and increasing productivity in organizations. In order to achieve the goal of productivity, it is necessary to use all the mechanization and intelligentization tools of organizational communication. Because the automation of administrative affairs simultaneously helps to reduce costs, to make organizational communication smarter, to increase employee productivity and to satisfy employers and customers. The use of this system leads to better work control, information conversion from one form to another, and reduction of non-productive activities. The discussion of intelligentization of organizational communication is one of the new research discussions in this field, and it has involved the minds of many managers, and of course, similar to many emerging phenomena, it has also included many extremes. This article, while examining administrative automation systems from different dimensions, has expressed the importance, achievements and components of administrative automation systems, and at the end, it examines the functions of administrative automation systems in order to make organizational communication smarter.

Abstract Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has transformed various technology-driven industries, including e-commerce. By integrating connected devices, sensors, and advanced analytics, IoT enables smarter decision-making, improved customer experience, and increased operational efficiency. This technology facilitates real-time data exchange, predictive analytics, and automation, creating unprecedented opportunities for innovation and growth. The integration of IoT and e-commerce is another evolution in the field of ICT that, by making our business components intelligent and collecting and analyzing abundant and accurate business information, facilitates customer communication with the business, provides better customer-oriented and personalized services, and even builds more trust. This article examines the dimensions and impacts of IoT on the development of e-commerce in Iran and the world. Applications such as smart warehousing, personalized marketing, and automated customer service are analyzed. It also discusses benefits such as operational scalability and better customer engagement, and analyzes challenges such as data security and high implementation costs in this area.

Abstract Background and Objectives: Fault of power distribution networks is based on the ‎uncontorable factors. Rapid approache to identidtification and localization of power ‎network fault is ctritical to maintain system riable. While traditional approaches use ‎measurements from current and voltage transformers, this study proposes an ‎artificial intelligence-driven approach for enhanced fault detection and analysis in ‎power distribution networks. A custom-designed sensing prototype captured voltage ‎and current data under simulated fault conditions, including short-circuit and open-‎circuit faults. The presented approach includes fundamental variables, such as fault ‎type, sensor placement topology, and line distance, were rigorously controlled during ‎data acquisition.‎

Methods: This paper presentes two algorithms: an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) ‎and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Both used algorithms have ‎many parmeters that rquire to be tune While the values of these parameters effect ‎on the performance, but the major target of this study is using of these algorithms. ‎Steps of algorithms are described in the paper. The redults of algorithms are showed ‎with the used data. Performance was validated under variable load conditions across ‎line distances of 200–800 meters. ‎

Finding: Simulation results demonstrate that the ANFIS classifier achieved superior ‎accuracy in fault classification (99.7%) and minimal distance estimation error (0.5%). ‎Both ANN and ANFIS delivered high precision in fault detection, localisation, and ‎classification, with ANFIS exhibiting significantly faster training convergence (1 ms). ‎Indeed ANFIS has more consistency. ‎

Cnclusion: The framework presents a robust, computationally efficient solution for ‎real-time fault management (modeling), recommending (analysis) the integration of ‎dedicated sensors by power distribution network utilities to enable targeted grid ‎interventions.‎

Abstract Quantom computation is a new approach based on the principles of quantum mechanics to perform computations .Quantum computation uses unique behaviors of quantum physics to solve problems that are too complex for classical calculations .Theoretically , the connected inverters can use the interference between wave quantum states such as themselves for computations that may take millions of years .The potential use of these calculations is widespread and is used in areas such as cryptography , finance and drug discovery .With the implementation of quantum computing , several industries can be transformed . Although quantum computing can create a large transformation in the encryption and security system, they can be a threat to the privacy and digital information in the world .The reason for this is that quantum computers can easily break the toughest modern code .In this article, we intend to analyze and examine the new achievements of quantum computing in the field of information and communication technology, challenges and prospects.

Abstract Recently, the growth of technology-oriented mechanisms has led to the rapid acceleration of progress and increased need for image processing tools and related mechanisms. Therefore, the demand of experts to learn and develop these technologies is increasing at a fast pace and it shows the need of different fields for this technology. Image processing has always been considered as an important achievement in the field of artificial intelligence because image processing has been able to provide us with many services and data. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the important applications of image processing. Also, due to the importance of the subject, this article examines the achievements and challenges of image processing. The application of image processing in each of the fields discussed in the article is very wide. The importance of image processing has multiplied in recent years and is predicted to become more important in the next years. It is predicted that image processing will change the relationship between humans and computers in a surprising way.
 

Abstract Cloud computing is a leading paradigm in the era of information and communication technology to provide the shared and cost-effective hardware, middleware and software resources and related services. This paradigm is the best model for easy access to set of shared computing resources such as networks, servers, storage devices and so on. Related services are available at any time and place, according to the user's request and users can easily use this services by connecting to a physical or logical server over the Internet. In this research, an attempt is made to examine the important and fundamental dimensions of this paradigm and related details. In this study, we also examined the important solutions of the virtualization technology, which is one of the emerging techniques in the world of information and communication technology, as a basis for building the suitable and cost-effective infrastructures of a cloud environments. Applying virtualization in cloud computing is a knowledge and technique that can be used to overcome many problems and obstacles in the field of emerging information technologies and pave the way for sustainable development and creating the right conditions for business to the best.

Abstract Cloud computing is a new computing model that includes network computing, distributed computing; Parallel computing, virtualization technology, applied and auxiliary computing and other computer technologies originated. The security issue of cloud computing is very important and this issue can prevent the rapid development of cloud computing. If a security problem occurs for cloud computing, it can no longer be used on a large scale, and its rapid and widespread use by people will decrease. The two security issues of data privacy and service availability are among the issues that are raised about the security issue of cloud computing and are among its key security issues. Applying a security method alone cannot solve the security problem of cloud computing; Rather, a wide range of technologies, as well as new technologies and strategies, must be used together to protect the entire cloud computing system. This article introduces some fundamental cloud computing systems and the problem of security feasibility of cloud computing and existing risks and its related strategy as challenges, opportunities and perspectives of this field, according to the ideas and characteristics of cloud computing.  

Abstract Nowadays, operating systems exist in almost every device, such as mobile phones, personal computers, main computers, etc., with various functions. Operating systems are constantly being updated and improved during recent years. The operating system is a portal that is responsible for using and controlling the computer hardware and also creating a powerful yet useful software environment for performing various tasks. Also, software operating system is a system that manages computer resources and provides a platform for application software to run and use its services. The main criterion for choosing an operating system is based on its functions, features and how it is used in different services. Therefore, one of the popular scientific topics in this field that can be addressed and is the focus of this research is the knowledge of different types of operating systems and related applications from the past to the present. In the article, we intend to compare and examine the types of common operating systems, their features, advantages and disadvantages, focusing on distributed systems.

Abstract Nowadays, blockchains are best known for their vital role in digital currency systems in maintaining a secure and decentralized record of transactions, but their use cases are not limited to digital currencies. Blockchains can be used to make data immutable in any industry. A decentralized cryptocurrency exchange is a new type of cryptocurrency market trading platform that eliminates all intermediaries, enables digital market trading, and uses blockchain technology and smart contracts, and is very secure. Due to the necessity and importance of the increasing development of blockchain-based decentralized digital exchanges, this article first introduces the achievements and benefits of these exchanges and then, based on a case study, a basic application system is developed to create a decentralized exchange for buying and selling tokens using smart contracts. Using blockchain technology, this system enables the secure and transparent exchange of VoteCoin tokens. Its user interface, using React and interacting with MetaMask, allows users to easily interact with the system and participate in the buying and selling of tokens. This approach provides a foundation for a practical and tangible understanding of decentralized digital exchanges and their functioning, and can serve as a guide for developers and users in this field.

Abstract Rapid development of cloud computing technologies and a significant increase in demand for scalable software systems has forced organizations to review their distributed systems architecture .traditional monolithic architecture , despite its initial efficiency , is faced with serious challenges in the field of maintenance , scalability , and independent deployment because of the strong connection between components .this paper reviews new approaches to improve distribution systems with focus on microservice architecture .in this research , a comprehensive four phase framework ( discovery and analysis , service identification , design and implementation , and implementation ) is presented that guides the migration process from integrated architecture to microservice systematically .the proposed framework combines static and dynamic analyses of support system , using graph - based learning techniques to identify the boundaries of service , and use architecture patterns , enables organizations to experience successful migration by maintaining service quality and reducing operational risks .evaluating the framework on a real financial system ( UVT ) shows that the application of the proposed approach reduces the response time by 42 % , reduces the error rate to less from 0.5 % and improves the error recovery time by 65 % .this research presents practical guidelines and evaluation of existing methodologies , a way for researchers and software engineers in the field of migration to microservice architecture.

Abstract  Mobile commerce, as a new achievement of e-commerce services, has numerous and unique advantages such as accessibility, positioning, immediacy, capability, personalization and identification. Today, most businesses have considered the use of mobile phone social advertising as the main way to help connect with customers in order to obtain information and promote it. Business-oriented companies use Internet services and social networks as a new option to support their products or provide customer service. Placing real-time and up-to-date advertisements on social networking websites will be a competitive advantage in increasing the volume of customer visits. Mobile commerce has various dimensions, operational components, functions and adoption models, which we intend to address in this article.

Abstract Today, the adoption of new technologies helps governments to provide digital and electronic government services to citizens as efficiently as possible. Electronic government is a characteristic of digital and technology-oriented government services that has emerged with the growth of the role of information technology and new characteristics in information and knowledge-based societies and tries to show the dynamic role of governance in such societies. Electronic government is a huge and important step to advance international communication and as one of the subsets of information technology, it has enabled governments to provide information and services efficiently in the minimum time and at the lowest cost using modern technologies. . It also grants people the necessary facilities for proper access to government information and services, improving the quality of services and providing wider opportunities with lower cost and higher effectiveness to participate in democratic processes and institutions. Considering the importance of e-government services as a driver in creating social and cultural changes, in this article we intend to examine the achievements and opportunities created by the use of e-government services along with the challenges and issues facing the establishment of e-government in societies.

Abstract  With the increasing development of the information society and information and communication technology, effective changes are taking place in various organizational spaces such as education and business. Cloud computing is one of the efficient models of technology-oriented distribution and service provision, which can be called the development and use of shared and rental computer services based on the Internet, or cloud distribution. In fact, in this model, information technology services are offered to users as a shared and affordable internet service. In fact, cloud computing has provided a highway on which technology-oriented technologies such as big data management, Internet of Things and advanced business analytics are formed and grow. Finally, all these technologies lead to digital transformation and effective management of resources and services in organizations. In this article, we examine and discuss the dimensions of effective management of organizational information technology with the approach of cloud computing.

Abstract Cloud computing is a processing model that has attracted the attention of researchers due to its flexibility, rapid expansion and low cost, and it provides the shared use of services without the need for ownership and management of resources in the network environment. On the other hand, cloud computing is a pool of virtual computer resources. Resource virtualization in cloud computing allows heavy tasks to be performed faster and with less dependence on physical resources. Although cloud computing has become very popular among users, security problems are considered as a big obstacle for users to use cloud computing systems. Data security and virtualization security are two important security issues in cloud computing. In this article, we examine the dimensions of virtualization security in cloud computing environments.

Abstract In today's technology-oriented world, a wide range of commercial and administrative services are provided through the use of software systems. Due to the importance of a comprehensive and structured process in the development of a software systems and in this regard, in this paper proposes a useful management checklist cluster, called software system development workflow checklist. The proposed checklist is actually a package containing a subset of more detailed monitoring checklists in the software system development process. The suggested checklist is a tool to create a comprehensive management routine to evaluate the performance of tasks and structured workflow in the development of software systems. In addition to explaining the system workflow and clarifying the monitoring of software system development, the proposed workflow checklist package is proposed as a resource for working team members to evaluate and resolve differences of opinion and align executive tasks and also to avoid and prevent common management mistakes. It should be noted that based on the proposed checklist package, in the software system development workflow management process, project managers could monitor the system development with both a top-down and middle-out approach. This means that first, with a top-down view of each phase of the software life cycle, could receive the progress report and with the middle-out management view, evaluate and control items of the proposed checklist package. From our point of view, having such a workflow checklist package is one of the most essential activities in order to facilitate the management and auditing of the software development life cycle, which is needed for the integrated implementation of organizational projects and their structured and comprehensive management.

Abstract Recently, with the increasing need for optimal energy consumption in resources, effective energy management in smart homes, based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an importance research area. In this regard, identifying major performance metrics and parameters is essential in designing, implementing, and evaluating successful systems. In this research, we will investigate the problem and major dimensions, in detail and analyze executional effects from technical, security, and performance perspectives. The results of the research presents that energy management in smart homes based on the IoT requires integration of technical, supervisory, evaluation, and environmental criterias. The use of accurate sensors, appropriate selection of communication protocols, application of cloud and edge processing, applying prediction and optimization algorithms are the most important parameters in improving the efficiency of systems. Moreover, attention to security, privacy, flexibility, and coordination with consumer equipments can play a significant role in creating a smart and optimal system. On the other side, continuous performance evaluation and the use of key quality indicators allow managers to continuously improve the system performance, by receiving appropriate feedback and using self-organizing algorithms. Such a comprehensive approach will not only ensure the optimization of energy consumption, but also pave the way for sustainable development, improved security, increased quality of service, and effective energy management in smart homes.

Abstract The explosive growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in home environments, coupled with the inherent limitations of these devices in terms of computing power, memory, and energy consumption, has increased the level of cyberattacks to an unprecedented level. Traditional home networks lack adequate security mechanisms to deal with emerging IoT-specific threats. This paper presents a comprehensive and multi-layered solution to enhance security in IoT-based home networks. The proposed approach, titled "SecHome-IoT", is composed of three main layers: (1) a deep learning-based anomaly detection layer (automated preprocessing and 1D convolutional neural network with long-term short-term memory), (2) a secure virtualization layer based on lightweight microservices (using hardware containers and critical path isolation), and (3) Dynamic and adaptive policy management layer (using adaptive-neural fuzzy inference system). Best hardware-software simulation on real-world datasets CICIDS2017, Bot-IoT and UNSW-NB15 along with implementation on Raspberry Pi platform and OpenWrt smart switches shows that the proposed method is superior to the previous ones (such as IoT-IDSA and Deep-STM) with an attack detection rate of 98.6% and a false positive rate of 1.4%. It has an improvement of 25% in security and performance metrics. This paper provides a roadmap for the security of IoT home networks by providing a comprehensive threat analysis, real-world and similar implementations.

Abstract  Nowadays, cloud computing is the preferred choice of any organization based on information and communication technology due to its flexible services and outstanding pay-as-you-go features. Some cloud-based networks face various security challenges due to the lack of fixed infrastructure and centralized management. However, the security and privacy of cloud computing systems is a fundamental problem of cloud computing due to their distributed architecture and vulnerability to unwanted inputs. The role of unwanted attack detection systems in cloud security is very important because it acts as a preventive security layer and, in addition to identifying known attacks, can detect many unknown attacks. In this article, we intend to review these systems and describe approaches to deal with the challenge of intrusion into cloud computing services.

Abstract Requirement extraction is a process for identifying needs and the relationship between separate groups in order to define and receive needs. This process is associated with fundamental challenges that hinder the development of requirements. Underestimating the extraction of requirements may cause very costly problems in the final stages of development and cause the analyst many problems and obstacles in this regard. These problems that underlie the present study can be caused by many factors that recognizing these problems can be avoided during the requirements extraction process.
The ability of engineering process requirements in the system, such as methods and tools, to deal with changes are very important factors. In today's complex systems, due to the existence of very large data, communication and flow between them and the Internet of Things, very large systems have been provided, which according to the scale of these systems, validation is one of the final requirements to confirm these requirements. In this study, we have examined the requirements process from the perspective of stakeholders, validation of requirements and also how to operate the system due to its great importance in this area.

Abstract Investigating the quality management dimensions and related requirements of software architecture is one of the most important factors for the success of today's software in the commercial market. This process is associated with fundamental challenges that hinder the development of solutions. Underestimating the extraction of qualitative dimensions of software may cause very costly problems in the final stages of development and cause the analyst to face many problems and obstacles, in this regard. These problems that underlie the present study can be caused by many factors that can be avoided during the process of extracting the quality requirements. The ability of engineering process requirements in the system, such as methods and tools, to deal with changes are very important factors. In today's complex systems, due to the existence of very large data, communication and flow between them and the Internet of Things, very large systems have been provided that according to the scale of these software systems, validation is one of the final requirements to confirm these quality requirements. . In this study, we have examined the dimensions of software quality management from the perspective of stakeholders and developers, the validation of quality requirements and also how to use the quality dimensions in the software systems due to its great importance in this field.